Guidelines for treating hypertension
The guidelines for treating high blood pressure answer the questions that patients with high blood pressure often ask when they go to the hospital, such as: what department number does high blood pressure belong to? Precautions before a high blood pressure test? What do doctors usually ask? What are the tests for high blood pressure? What are the results of the high blood pressure test? etc. The guidelines for medical treatment of hypertension are designed to facilitate patients with hypertension to seek medical treatment and solve the doubts and problems of patients with hypertension when they seek medical treatment.
Typical symptoms
Dizziness, headache, vertigo, tinnitus, insomnia, fatigue, difficulty concentrating
It is recommended to visit the department
Cardiovascular Medicine, Cardiothoracic Surgery
The best time to see a doctor
Nothing special, seek medical attention as soon as possible
Length of visit
One day is reserved for the first visit, and half a day is reserved for each follow-up visit
Frequency of follow-up visits/cycle of diagnosis and treatment
Outpatient treatment: Weekly follow-up to gradually lengthen the follow-up week, expecting stable blood pressure control, follow-up if unwell. Severe cases need to be admitted to hospital for treatment and transferred to outpatient treatment after the blood pressure level is stable.
Preparation before seeing a doctor
No special requirements, pay attention to rest.
Frequently Asked Questions
1. Describe the reason for the visit (when did it start, and what was the discomfort?)
2. Are there any accompanying symptoms such as emotional agitation or dizziness, headache, vertigo, tinnitus, insomnia, fatigue, inability to concentrate after exertion?
3. Have you ever been to the hospital, and have you done those tests? What are the test results?
4. How is the treatment?
5. Do you have a history of drug allergies?
6. Are there any hypertensive patients at home?
Key inspection items
1. Understand the dynamics of your blood pressure changes
Hypertensive patients are not safe while taking antihypertensive drugs, because blood pressure changes are related to various factors such as diet, mood, and climate in daily life. Therefore, it is necessary to measure blood pressure frequently to understand the dynamics of blood pressure changes, so as to adjust the dosage in time and maintain the stability of blood pressure.
2. Fundus examination
Fundus vascular lesions can partially reflect the state of blood vessels in the whole body, and it is the only window that can directly observe the state of arterial blood vessels in the whole body. reference basis.
3. Renal function test
Generally, there is no renal damage in the early stage of mild to moderate hypertension. If it is not controlled for a long time, renal arteriosclerosis will occur, and renal insufficiency will continue to develop. Therefore, hypertensive patients should regularly check blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, uric acid, etc., to understand the degree of renal impairment, so as to guide the selection and use of antihypertensive drugs.
4. Blood and urine tests
Hypertensive patients should regularly do blood lipids, blood sugar, blood viscosity and urine testing. Hypertension is often accompanied by hyperlipidemia, which can increase blood viscosity, increase blood sugar and complicate diabetes, making the treatment of hypertension more complicated. Routine urinalysis is carried out, mainly to check whether there is protein, red blood cells, casts, etc. in the urine, and early detection of abnormal renal function through urine testing can facilitate timely treatment.
5. ECG examination
If the blood pressure of hypertensive patients is not controlled and continues to rise, it will further affect the heart function, such as coronary artery stenosis, myocardial ischemia, etc. However, the early symptoms of these heart disease changes are not obvious, so regular electrocardiogram examinations are required.
6. Ultrasound ambulatory blood pressure monitoring
The instrument can be carried around without any restrictions on activities, and can continuously record the patient's blood pressure changes and the peak effect of antihypertensive drugs and other dynamic data for 24 hours.
Diagnostic criteria
Hypertension can be diagnosed if the systolic blood pressure is ≥140mmHg and the diastolic blood pressure is ≥90140mmHg after repeated reexamination; Grade 1 hypertension (mild) systolic blood pressure is 140~159mmHg, diastolic blood pressure is 90~99mmHg; Grade 2 hypertension (moderate) systolic blood pressure 160~179mmHg, diastolic blood pressure 100~109mmHg; grade 3 hypertension (severe) systolic blood pressure ≥180mmHg, diastolic blood pressure ≥110mmHg; isolated systolic hypertension systolic blood pressure ≥140mmHg, diastolic blood pressure <90mmHg.